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] Stanford Medicine traces its history back to 1858 when Elias Samuel Cooper, a physician in San Francisco, California, founded the first medical school in the Western United States. That school went through many changes, including a change of name to Cooper Medical College, a takeover by Stanford University in 1908, and a move from San Francisco to the Stanford campus near Palo Alto, California in 1959. ==Pre-Stanford years== In 1858 Elias Samuel Cooper collaborated with the University of the Pacific (also known as California Wesleyan College), a Methodist college located in Santa Clara, to establish a Medical Department in San Francisco.〔Stanford University School of Medicine. ''The First Hundred Years.'' San Francisco, 1959. Page 4.〕〔http://web.pacific.edu/x724.xml〕 The Medical Department of the University of the Pacific opened in 1859 at Mission and Third Streets in San Francisco. It was the first medical school in the Western United States. The Department's seventeen trustees included ten clergy and three physicians.〔〔Harris, Henry. ''California's Medical Story.'' San Francisco: Grabhorn Press, 1932. Page 132.〕 The following year Cooper founded the ''San Francisco Medical Press'', creating a venue for communication among medical practitioners in addition to the already-existing ''Pacific Medical and Surgical Journal''.〔Lane, Levi Cooper. ''Elias Samuel Cooper, 1822-1862''. Stanford: Stanford Medical School, 1965.〕 Henry Gibbons, Sr. and Levi Cooper Lane (Cooper's nephew) joined the faculty of the Medical Department in 1861.〔 However, in 1862 Cooper died, and without his leadership the Medical Department of the University of the Pacific ceased operation.〔Haas, James H. "Edward Robeson Taylor. Part I: The Pre-Mayor Years," in ''The Argonaut: Journal of the San Francisco Museum and Historical Society'' Spring 2007 vol. 18 no. 1. Page 23.〕 Meanwhile, in 1864 Hugh H. Toland opened the Toland Medical College at Stockton and Chestnut Streets in San Francisco. Lane, Gibbons and J.F. Morse moved from the moribund Medical Department of the University of the Pacific to Toland Medical College. Instruction followed Parisian principles of medical education.〔Haas, James H. "Edward Robeson Taylor. Part I: The Pre-Mayor Years," in ''The Argonaut: Journal of the San Francisco Museum and Historical Society'' Spring 2007 vol. 18 no. 1. Page 24.〕〔Barkan, Hans. "Cooper Medical College, founded by Levi Cooper Lane: an Historical Sketch," in ''Stanford Medical Bulletin'' August 1954 vol.12 no.3. Page 151.〕 In 1873 Toland Medical College became the Medical Department of the University of California, later the University of California, San Francisco. In 1870 Levi Cooper Lane took over as the leader of the Medical Department of the University of the Pacific, revived and re-organized it. He opened a new facility on Stockton Street at Geary in San Francisco.〔Barkan, Hans. "Cooper Medical College, founded by Levi Cooper Lane: an Historical Sketch," in ''Stanford Medical Bulletin'' August 1954 vol.12 no.3. Page 146.〕 In 1872 the medical school switched its affiliation from University of the Pacific to University College, a Presbyterian school that later became the San Francisco Theological Seminary, and the name was changed to the Medical College of the Pacific.〔〔Shuman, Ronald J.''Portraits''. San Francisco: Pacific Medical Center, Inc., 1974.〕 In 1877 the college admitted its first female student.〔 Lane had bigger plans for the school, and in 1882 he renamed it Cooper Medical College, after his uncle, the founder. He moved it to a new brick building at Sacramento and Webster Streets which he had personally financed. The new college was staffed with faculty from the Medical College of the Pacific. Lane enlisted former student and future San Francisco mayor Edward Robeson Taylor to oversee compliance of the college with California's Medical Practice Act.〔〔Haas, James H. "Edward Robeson Taylor. Part I: The Pre-Mayor Years," in ''The Argonaut: Journal of the San Francisco Museum and Historical Society'' Spring 2007 vol. 18 no. 1. Page 82.〕 In 1890 he added an addition to the facility which included Lane Hall (a large auditorium), laboratories, and a surgical theater.〔''Cooper Medical College: Annual Announcement, Session of 1906-1907''. San Francisco: 1906. Page 9.〕 The modern facilities and advanced curriculum gave the medical college a high reputation, and in 1892 Cooper Medical College was one of only seven U.S. medical schools recognized by the English Royal College of Surgeons.〔Wels, Susan. ''Stanford University School of Medicine: A Legacy of Medical Innovation.'' Stanford: Stanford University School of Medicine, 2000. Page 5.〕 The faculty was mostly made up of practicing physicians; in 1898 William Ophüls was appointed as the first full-time salaried professor.〔Stanford University School of Medicine. ''The First Hundred Years.'' San Francisco, 1959. Page 5.〕 In 1895 the facilities were expanded with the opening of 100-bed Lane Hospital on the corner of Clay and Webster Streets. Construction of the hospital was supported by Claus Spreckles and James McDonald.〔〔Harris, Henry. ''California's Medical Story.'' San Francisco: Grabhorn Press, 1932. Page 238.〕〔Barkan, Hans. "Cooper Medical College, founded by Levi Cooper Lane: an Historical Sketch," in ''Stanford Medical Bulletin'' August 1954 vol.12 no.3. Page 155.〕 Also in 1895 the Lane Hospital Training School for Nurses (predecessor of the Stanford School of Nursing) was opened. At first nursing students were provided housing inside Lane Hospital.〔Stanford University School of Nursing collection, S1J1 Box 1 folder 11, Stanford University History Center〕 Starting in 1899 they were housed in a residence on Clay Street adjacent to Lane Hospital, where Stanford Hospital would later stand.〔 In 1896 Cooper Medical College student Theodore Durrant was convicted in a murder trial that garnered national press coverage.〔McConnell, Virginia A. ''Sympathy for the Devil: the Emmanuel Baptist Murders in Old San Francisco''. Westport: Praeger, 2001.〕 In 1900 Bubonic plague arrived in San Francisco by ship, starting the San Francisco plague of 1900–1904. California Governor Henry Gage issued a proclamation denying that bubonic plague exists in San Francisco, which was signed by Lane.〔Chase, Marilyn. ''The Barbary Plague: The Black Death in Victorian San Francisco''. New York: Random House, 2003. Pages 12 and 70.〕 In 1902 Lane died, and Charles N. Ellinwood was selected to replace him as the new president of Cooper Medical College.〔 However, in 1907 Ellinwood was removed from the presidency following a financial management controversy.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of Stanford Medicine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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